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by bob love
The chances of contracting HIV through unprotected oral sex may be zero, researchers in the US have found. But it is unlikely that this will make health organizations change their official advice that oral sex poses a risk for HIV infection.
The study, by Kimberly Page Shafer and her colleagues from the University of California at San Francisco, is ongoing. So far, the HIV infection rate from oral sex among 198 participants is zero, Shafer told the National HIV Prevention Conference in Atlanta.
The results support other research showing that oral sex is a low-risk activity for transmitting HIV, and that saliva has anti-HIV properties. However, several cases have been reported which suggest that oral sex can result in HIV transmission, so the latest findings must be interpreted cautiously, experts say.
"Low risk is not the same as no risk," says Ronald Valdiserri, deputy director of the Center for Disease Control's National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention. "We do know that it is possible to become infected with HIV after oral sex."
Small sample
Shafer herself says that since the results are based on a relatively small sample, they should be treated with caution. However, she believes that some reports have "overinterpreted the probability of infection".
Various other sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis, are transmitted orally, so people might still want to refrain from unprotected oral sex.
The 198 participants came from HIV testing and counselling sites in San Francisco. All are gay or bisexual, and almost all are male. They had no anal or vaginal sex and did not inject drugs in the six months prior to the study .
On average, each participant had had roughly two partners with whom they had oral sex, and 98 per cent said it had been unprotected. Twenty per cent of these encounters were with an HIV-positive partner.
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