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Tired of spending hours looking for answers to your questions?
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 High Blood Pressureby cris conti “High blood pressure is the leading cause of aging arteries, heart attack, stroke, cardiac and renal failure, and premature death,” says Richard Stein, M.D., a spokesman for the American Heart Association. Only about half of those who have hypertension know they have it, half of the half get treated, and only half of that half are treated adequately. Of the 50 million Americans struggling with hypertension—that’s one in four adults—barely 13 percent are getting enough help. If you’re thinking, But I’m young and healthy and just broke an eight-minute mile, keep reading. Yes, there is less danger when you’re active, and blood-pressure rates tend to rise as men push past 40. But genetic predisposition factors into the equation in 30 percent to 50 percent of cases. Being an African-American male more than triples your chances, usually from an innate sodium sensitivity that can upset the body’s fluid balance. A study published in the British Medical Journal even linked blood pressure to fingerprint patterns; subjects with more whorls, as opposed to arch-and-loop patterns, had higher rates of hypertension. Other conditions, such as diabetes, can exacerbate high blood pressure, though only about 5 percent of cases are traced to a definitive cause, such as kidney disease and tumors. Still, you can be a skinny, evenly insulined, unwhorledly white boy (or Asian or Hispanic) and have hypertension. And you may go years or even decades without knowing there’s a problem. When the pounding headaches and chest pain start, a lot of damage will have already been done. Reading Room There are two aspects to a blood-pressure reading, which is denoted as a fraction such as 120/80, the optimal result. The upper number, or systolic reading, is the measurement of pressure when the heart is sending waves of blood to distant organs and tissues. It is listed “over” the lower number, or diastolic reading, which gauges pressure when the heart is at rest and blood once again floods its chambers. The numbers go up when your vascular system has to labor overtime because of narrowed passageways. The numbers can also fluctuate naturally during the day, especially when adrenaline and other stress hormones constrict blood vessels and make the heart work harder. Physicians have traditionally focused on the diastolic rate, because the heart is at rest two-thirds of the time. “It’s long been thought that a consistently high diastolic reading can spell danger, while occasional spikes in systolic readings can be tolerated,” says Michael F. Roizen, M.D., professor of internal medicine, critical care and anesthesia at the University of Chicago’s Pritzer School of Medicine and author of RealAge: Are You as Young as You Can Be? Recent reports, however, suggest that the upper number, independent of the lower, “is just as or more important than the diastolic reading.” The most common form of hypertension is now known to be isolated systolic hypertension—a normal diastolic rate paired with an elevated systolic rate. Also, systolic pressure generally increases with age, while diastolic readings usually inch up until age 55, then drop off. Doctors are also looking at the difference between the two numbers, called pulse pressure. “The difference between 120/80 is 40, and when that number starts to rise above 60, 70 or 80, we take action,” says Stein. “Statistical analysis has shown that the pulse pressure is the best indicator of who will encounter strokes in the future.” Walk It Off There are dozens of drugs to treat high blood pressure, but you don’t have to go near a pharmacy to start bringing your numbers down. Exercise helps lower pressure by shunting blood into muscles and creating new blood vessels—through a process called capillarization—to ease congestion. Be aware that lifting heavy weights or having sex will raise your pressure dramatically, but the effect is temporary and shouldn’t cause a problem. Overtraining, though, may spell trouble for some men. A study performed at the Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas found that blood pressure plummeted after three months of 30-minute jogs or brisk walks performed three times a week. But intensifying the regimen to nine hours of weekly jogging sent pressure rates cooking. While exercise tends to relax artery walls, allowing blood to flow freely, too much exercise somehow constricts vessels, increasing resistance. Some patients experience “white-coat hypertension” when nervousness caused by simply being in a doctor’s office sends their pressure soaring. Several checks during a single visit can help counter this effect, or you can buy a sphygmomanometer from most pharmacies to check your pressure at home. Be careful to be accurate: Nearly 20 percent of home readings in one study were found to be off by 10 or more points. You can compare your readings with normal ranges, which are available online at www.lifeclinic.com Your blood pressure should be checked at least once a year—and you should know what it is. The next time a nurse wraps your biceps with Velcro and starts pumping that inflation tube, stop daydreaming and ask for the results. If they’re high, start by curbing excessive intake of alcohol, tobacco and sodium, and work off some of that extra body fat; if you’re overweight, losing even 10 pounds will keep the pressure down. In six months, you’ll feel so good you may not even need to send your boss on that marketing mission to Madagascar. Article Suggested By: PEA editors Suggest an article. |
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