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by stan lord
Men are at greater risk of stress-related illness than women.
Researchers have identified a marker on the Y chromosome that may explain why men are at higher risk for high blood pressure than women, according to a study presented at the American Heart Association's Annual Fall Conference of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research.
The X and Y chromosomes determine a person's gender — XX is female, XY is male.
"Y chromosome research has been mainly limited to studies related to infertility and sex determination," says researcher Fadi J. Charchar, Ph.D., of the University of Glasgow. "Here we have evidence to support previous research in both humans and experimental models that shows the Y chromosome contributes to blood pressure regulation in males."
Noting that men have significantly higher blood pressure than women — and die more frequently from heart disease — researchers in Glasgow and Poland recently investigated whether the Y chromosome may factor in men's reduced cardiovascular health. They recruited 204 families in southern Poland, all of which included members with high blood pressure, and collected data including blood pressure, weight and height from all family members.
the y's have it!
To determine whether one form of the Y chromosome is associated more often with higher blood pressure, researchers collected DNA and used an enzyme called Hind III as the biological tool to differentiate between two forms of the Y chromosome. Then they correlated the results to the men's blood pressure measurements.
"The enzyme cuts the DNA in specific places," says Charchar. "This cut only occurs if the DNA contains the marker; in a sense it is analogous to a key and lock. We are able to detect whether it cuts the DNA or not, and this gave us two possible DNA types that we defined for each individual." They found that men who were Hind III negative — their DNA was not split by the enzyme — had average systolic pressure (the top number in a blood pressure reading) of 135 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and average diastolic pressure (bottom number) of 85 mmHg. For those who tested positive for Hind III, average systolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg higher and diastolic pressure was 5 mmHg higher (145/90 mmHg).
conclusions?
"How many men have this variation is not quite known, but in our study, we can say that nearly 30 percent of men carried the variation associated with increased blood pressure," Charchar says. In the study, 51 men were found to be Hind III positive and 104 men were Hind III negative.
"This study is a very important impetus for further research to be performed on the Y chromosome in regards to cardiovascular disease," says Anna Dominiczak, M.D., British Heart Foundation professor of cardiovascular medicine, who leads the group at the University of Glasgow.
This study was funded by the British Heart Foundation.
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